Why stones are there in railway track

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Arindam Roy supports call for a Plastic Free Odisha. The beams are made of hardwood usually oak or hickory , and impregnated with creosote for weather protection. In the U. Next, you bring in hot-rolled steel rails, historically 39' long in the U.

They used to be joined by bolting on an extra piece of steel called a "fishplate" across the side of the joint, but today are usually continuously welded end-to-end. It would seem that you could just nail them or bolt them down to the ties, but that won't work.

The non-trivial movement caused by heat expansion and contraction along the length of the rail would cause it to break or buckle if any of it were fixed in place. So instead, the rails are attached to the sleepers by clips or anchors, which hold them down but allow them to move longitudinally as they expand or contract. So there you have it: a centuries-old process that is extremely effective at facilitating the movement of people and material over thousands of miles The ballast distributes the load of the ties which, in turn, bear the load of the train on the track, held by clips across the foundation, allows for ground movement, thermal expansion and weight variance, allows rain and snow to drain through the track, and inhibit the growth of weeds and vegetation that would quickly take over the track.

Put all this together, and you have yourself a really, really interesting problem that was first solved nearly years ago, and hasn't been significantly improved since! The answer is to start with the bare ground, and then build up a foundation to raise the track high enough so it won't get flooded. On top of the foundation, you deposit a load of crushed stone the ballast.

On top of the stone, you lay down perpendicular to the direction of the track a line of wooden beams. You then continue to dump crushed stone all around the beams. The sharp edges of the stone make it difficult for them to slide over each other in the way that smooth, round pebbles would , thus effectively locking them in place. Next, you bring in hot-rolled steel rails It would seem that you could just nail them or bolt them down to the ties, but that won't work.

The non-trivial movement caused by heat expansion and contraction along the length of the rail would cause it to break or buckle if any of it were fixed in place.